These initial Shi'a movements culminated in the Battle of Karbala in 680 which resulted in the deaths of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad, and his kin (including Zayd ibn Ali and Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya). Evidence to suggest the Shi'ite character of the 'Abbasid revolution can be seen in fact that several other Shi'a movements had occurred across the Middle-East simultaneously the Hashimiyya movement had been largely responsible for the advent of the Shi'a uprising, with Zayd ibn Ali fighting the Umayyads in Iraq, while Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya even established temporary rule over Persia. The 'Abbasid revolution can be most strongly argued to have been a proto-Shi'a revolution wherein notions of the primacy of the family of prophet were emerging against the backdrop of civil unrest and disenchantment with the Umayyad caliphate.